Friday, June 12, 2009


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mirian mefe
IV saukune erT-erTi yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovani da saintereso xanaa saqarTvelos istoriaSi. am saukuneSi Caisaxa mTeli rigi movlenebisa, romelTac Semdgomi ganviTareba momdevno periodSi poves. amave saukuneSi moxda politikuri, socialuri da ekonomikuri xasiaTis umniSvnelovanesi Zvrebi, romlebic udides rols asrulebdnen mTeli Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos istoriis manZileze.
" qarTlis cxovreba" gadmogvcems, rom amave saukuneSi mefe asfaguris sikvdiliT Semwydara qarTlis samefos dinastia, romelsac ToTqos arSakiduli warmoSoba hqonda. amave dros, asfaguri qarTlis pirveli samefo dinastiis, farnavazianTa bolo STamomavali yofila. qarTlis didebulebs iraneli Sah qarse anu Sirvan sasanianisTvis uTxoviaT qarTlis mefed daesva Tavisi vaJi. Sahic daTanxmebula. Svidi wlis iraneli ufliswuli mihrani, qarTuli gamoTqmiT miriani, dauqorwinebiaT asfaguris qalze da qarTlis samefo taxtze dausvamT. misTvis CaubarebiaT, agreTve, egrisi, somxeTi, irani, movakani da hereTi.mirians dauviwyia sparsuli, uswavlia qarTuli ena da mtkices SeuTvisebia qarTuli zne-Cveulebani.
Semdeg "mefeTa ambavi" dawvrilebiT aRwers mirianis mefobas: miriani xSirad laSqrobda kavkasiis mTianeTsa da kavkasionis gadaRma mcxovreb xalxTan. bevrjer ulaSqria mas CrdiloeTidan momdgari mtrisgan darubandis dasacavad. miriani rom ormoci wlis gamxdara, mokvdomia mama, iranis Sahi da samefo taxtze damjdara mirianis umcrosi Zma bartami. mirians, rogorc ufross, pretenziebi ganucxadebia iranis mefobaze, magram radganac mirianis deda ubralo mxevali yofila, iranel didebulebs iranis mefoba mainc bartamisaTvis, indoeli dedoflis SvilisaTvis daumtkicebiaT. samagierod, kompensaciad mirianisTvis jazireTi, Samis naxevari da adarbagani miuciaT.
erTi SexedviTve cxadad Cans, rom am moTxrobaSi bevri ram arasworia. pirvel yovlisa, yuradRebasiqcevs mirianis warmomavlobis ambavi, romelic metad saeWvod gamoiyureba. Tavi rom davaneboT imas, rom miriani dasaxelebulia pirveli sasanidi Sahis, e.i. ardasaris (224-241) Svilad, rac savsebiT gamoricxulia. "mefeTa ambavis" monacemebi (saxelebi, mefobis xangrZlivoba da zogi sxvac) ar Seesabameba mesame-meoTxe saukuneebis iranis mefeebis. amdenad, swori unda iyos is azri, rom gadmocema mirianis aseTi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb gamowveulia surviliT, mouZebnos mas gansakuTrebiT didi da mniSvnelovani winaprebi. gaugebaria iranelma ufliswulma rogor, an ratom daiviwya yovelive iranuli, SeiTvisa qarTuli, daukavSira romaelebs iranis sawinaaRmdegod, gaxda qarTuli kulturis gamoCenili moRvawe, qristianobis Semomtani da Tav gamodebuli gamavrcelebeli.
simarTles ki Seesabameba is, rom qarTlis mefe mirian III-IV saukuneSi mefobda. igi bizantiis imperatoris, kostantinesa (306-337) da somxTa mefis Trdatis (287-330) Tanamedrove iyo. mas pontoeli mTavarsardlis asuli nana esva colad. taxtze asvlisas iyo 7 wlis (da aqedan misi metsaxeli "vazi" -sparsilad "ymawvili") mirianis mefobis dasawyisSi iberia sasaniduri iranis vasali iyo ase magaliTad, 294 wels iranis Sahma narsem ilaSqra amierkavkasiaSi da kidev erTxel daamtkica iberiis, somxeTisa albaneTis iranisadmi qveSevrdomoba. 298 wels ki mirian mefe, rogorc iranis qveSevrdomi iberTa jariT monawileobs nibziris brZolaSi. iranis Sah narsesa da romis imperator galeriuss Soris brZolaSi iranelebma sastiki marci ganicades, ris Sedegad dakarges siria da mesopotamia. mirianmac dro ixelTa da iranis morCilebidan Tavi daixsna. iberia kvlav romis "mokavSire da megobari" gaxda. amis Semdeg miriani romaelTa daxmarebiT eomeba osebs da sxva momTabare Crdilokavkasielebs.
miriani cecxlsa da qarTul kerpebs scemda Tayvans. sarwmunoebrivi SemwynareblobiTac gamoirCeoda da berZnebTan xangrZlivi urTierTobis gamo, Qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesaxebac hqonda gagebuli. mis yuramdec misuliyo wminda kostantine didis mier mtris saswaulebrivi Zlevis ambavi.
mirianis mefobis dros saqarTveloSi wminda qalwuli SemobrZanda saqadageblad. mxurvale locviTa da vazis jvriT qalwulma iwyo "moqcevai qarTlisai" da kurneba warmarTTa mravalgvari senisgan. Tavad ki mefis sasaxlis baRSida dabinavda.
nana dedofali sastikad ewinaaRmdegeboda ninos qadagebas. gmobda axal moZRvrebas da mis mqadagebels. mirian mefes ki "aqunda sirvili qristes sjulisa da ara daabrkolebda gadagebad ninos da mowafeTa misTa". (3.5 gv))
gavida xani. RmerTma ukurnebeli seni Sehyara nana dedofals. manamde ar ganikurna dedofali nana, vidre misi janmrTelobisTvis wminda nino ar evedra ufals. am SemTxvevam dedofali qristianul rjulze moaqcia. dedoflis gankurnebis Semdgom mefe mirianmac miapyro gulisyuri qristes rjuls da uaryofil abiTars xSirad ekiTxeboda Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebze. mefes qristes rjulze moqcevis survili gauCnda.
erTxel sanadirod TxoTis mTaze wavida mefe. mouxvda uCino mteri gulSi. kvlav kerpTa da cecxlis siyvaruli Caudo da gadaawyvetina qristeanTa maxviliT mokvdineba, magram ufalma RmerTma, romelic mkvlevaria yoveli adamianis bunebisa da misi qmedebis winaswar ganWvretac ZaluZs, daifara mefe miriani am saSinelicodvisagan.
TxoTis mTaze asul mefes Tvalis Cini waerTva. SeSinebulma mirianma kerpebs SesTxova daxmareba, magram kerpebi uZlurni aRmoCndnen. maSin mefem jvarcmul RmerTs Seavedra Tavi da moxda saswauli: "Sen xar RmerTi yovelTa zeda RmerTTa da ufali yovelTa zeda uflebaTa, RmerTi, romelsa nino ityvis". (3,5gv) mcxeTaSi dabrunebulimirian mefe ninos mieaxla. m,isi rCeviT, meore dResve mociqulni waravlina saberZneTs, kostantine mefesTan da sTxova mRvdlebi gamoegzavna naTlisREbisTvis.
vidre konstantinopols gagzavnili mRvdlebi dabrundebodnen, mirian mefem samefo baRSi eklesiis aSeneba ineba. xuroebma naZvis xisgan Svidi sveti daamzades. eqvsi aRmarTes, xolo meSvide, yvelaze didi adgilidan ver daZres. wminda nino mowafeebTan erTad locvad dadga. gamTeniisas zeciT gardamoxda naTliT Semosili, "yovlad cecxliTa moblardnili" Wabuki, xeli mohkida svets da aRmarTa. sveti RvTiv gabrwyinda da Tormeti wyrTis simaRleze gaCerda haerSi. mTeli mcxeTa daiZra naTlis svetis Tayvanis sacemad. masTan miaxloebisas avadmyofebi ikurnebodnen. brmebs Tvalebi exilebodaT da davrdomilni aRsdgebodnen.
amasobaSi konstantinepolidan dabrundnen mociqulebi ioane episkoposisa da samRvdelo dasis TanxlebiT. wminda kostantine didma qristes rjul Semdgar mefes da aers gamougzavnajvari da xati macxovrisa, cxovelmyofeli jvris nawili _ kvarcxlbeki da samrWvalo uflisa Cvenisa iseso qristesi. mtkvrisa da aragvis SesarTavTan gadawyda mefis, dedoflisa, samefo karisa da sruliad qarTlis naTloba.
mcxeTaSi, erTi kldis Tavze, mSvenieri, surnelovani, saswaulmoqmedi xe idga. rodesac ioane episkoposs euwya es ambavi, brZana: "WeSmaritad RvTismier aRmocenebul ars xe igi da damarxul Jamisa misTvis da awda moefina madli RvTisa qarTlsa da mis xisgan jer ars Seqmna jvari patiosani, romelsac Tayuani sces yovelman simravleman qarTlisaman". (3.5gv) wminda ninos rCeviT mefem erTi jvari dasavleTiT, TxoTis mTaze aRamarTvina, meore - qalaq ujramaSi, mesame jvrisTvis ki adgili ver SearCies.
mirian mefem locviT SesTxova ufals, mieniSnebina adgili, sadac jvari unda aRmarTuliyo. RmerTma ismina ketilmorwmune mefis vedreba da angelozis piriT auwya, rom jvari aRemarTa aragvis gaRma, kldovan borcvze. roca mcxeTaSi es patiosani jvari aRimarTa, maSinve yvela kerpi daemxo qarTlSi.
sikvdilis win saqarTvelos pirvelma qristianma mefemakurTxa Ze Tvisi baqari. anderZad dautova wminda samebis erTguleba, brZola kerpebis winaaRmdeg da RvTiv miisvena. wminda ketilmsaxuri mefe, sakuTari survilisamebr, dakrZales samTavros eklesiaSi, radgan ar isurva dasaflaveba sveticxovlis taZarSi, romelsac "wmindaTa wmindai" erqva, im mokrZalebisa da ridis gamo, romelicnaTlis svetis winaSe hqonda. mefe mirianis gardacvalebidan ori wlis Semdeg aResrula nana dedofalic da daikrZala iqve mirian mefesTan.
qarTulma marTmadideblurma eklesiam wmindanad Seracxa mefe miriani da nana dedofali. xsenebis dRed 7(14) seqtemberi daawesa: wminda mefe mirianisa da dedofali nanas meored xsenebas vdResaswaulobt aRdgomida meSvide kviras.




mcxeTas ars didi taZari, samTavrod iwodvisao,
mudam anTia kandeli erTi savanis pirsao,
aq ganisvenebs mefe da dedofal iverisao,
romelsac ninois locviT gza hpoves sulTa xsnisao,
uaryves bneli kerpebi, miiRes madli RvTisao,
ersa naTeli uCvenes qristes marTali gzisao.








gamoyenebuli literatura
1. javaxiSvili iv. qarTlis eris istoria - Tb. 1951. 286_288 gv.
2. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi - Tb. 1973. 57_76gv.
3. taryaSvili nino. saqarTvelos mefe wmindanebi - Tb. 2005. 4_5gv.
4. sanikiZe gubazi - ubnis istoria - Tb. 1992. 9-10 gv.
5. Mirian 3 /http://nplg.gov.ge
6. irian 3 /http://ka.wikipedia.org
7. irian 3 /http://children.iatp.ge
8. Mirian 3 /http://people.istoria.ge